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WHO Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension Group I. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Idiopathic primary Familial and related Disorders collagen vascular disease, congenital systemic to pulmonary shunts, portal hypertension, HIV, drugs and toxins, thyroid disorders, glycogen storage disease, Gaucher’s disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, hemoglobinopa thies, myeloproliferative disorders, splenectomy Associated with Significant Venous or Capillary Involvement pulmonary venoocclusive disease, pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn Group II. Pulmonary venous Hypertension left sided atrial or ventricular heart disease, left sided valvular heart disease Group III. Pulmonary Hypertension associated with Hypoxemia COPD, interstitial lung disease, sleep disordered breathing, alveolar hypoventilation disorders, chronic exposure to high altitude, developmental abnormalities Group IV. Pulmonary Hypertension due to chronic Thromb

A  chronic cough  is a  cough  that lasts eight weeks or longer in adults, or four weeks in children. A  chronic cough  is more than just an annoyance. ... While it can sometimes be difficult to pinpoint the problem that's triggering a  chronic cough , the most common  causes  are tobacco use, postnasal drip, asthma and acid reflux. Differential Diagnosis Non Pulmonary post nasal drip, GERD, ACE inhibitors, occult congestive heart failure Pulmonary Airway asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, neoplasm, foreign body, post viral Parenchyma occult infection, occult aspiration, interstitial lung disease, lung abscess Vascular early pulmonary hypertension Pathophysiology Definition of Chronic cough >3 weeks Complication of Chronic cough exhaustion, insomnia, anxiety, headaches, dizziness, hoarseness, musculoskeletal pain, urinary incontinence, abdominal hernias Cough Reflex Afferent chemical or mechanical stimuli ͢   cough receptors in the epithelium of

An  exacerbation  of  COPD  ( Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)   is  defined  as “an event in the natural course of the disease characterized by a change in the patient's baseline dyspnea, cough, and/or sputum and beyond normal day-to-day variations, that is acute in onset and may warrant a change in regular medication in a patient with underlying  COPD ” Differential diagnosis of Acute Dyspnea Respiratory Airway COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute bronchitis, infectious exacerbation of bronchiectasis, foreign body obstruction Parenchyma pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, ARDS, acute  exacerbation of interstitial lung disease Vascular pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension Pleural pneumothorax, pleural effusion Cardiac Myocardial HF exacerbation, myocardial infarction Valvular aortic stenosis, acute aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, endocarditis Pericardial pericardial effusion, Tamponade Systemic sepsis, metabolic aci

Asthma Exacerbation During an  asthma  attack, also called an  asthma exacerbation , your airways become swollen and inflamed. The muscles around the airways contract and the airways also produce extra mucus, causing your breathing (bronchial) tubes to narrow. During an attack, you may cough, wheeze and have trouble breathing. Differential diagnosis of Wheezing Extrathoracic airway obstruction 1. Oropharynx  enlarged tonsils, retropharyngeal abscess, obesity, post nasal drip. 2. Larynx  laryngeal edema, laryngostenosis, laryngocele, epiglottitis, anaphylaxis, severe laryngopharyngeal reflux, and laryngospasm 3. Vocal Cords  vocal cord dysfunction, paralysis, hematoma, tumor, cricoarytenoid arthritis. Interathoracic airway obstruction 1. Tracheal obstruction  tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia, tracheobronchitis (herpetic), malignancy, benign tumor, aspiration. 2. Tracheal compression  goiter, right sided aor tic arch 3. Lower airway obstruction  asthma, COPD, bronch