STUDY OF UGIT (P-18)

-

 

18- Ventral Hernia

Hernias most commonly develop in the abdominal wall, where an area weakens and develops a tear or hole. Abdominal tissue or part of the intestines may push through this weakened area, causing pain and potentially serious complications.

Ventral hernias are a type of abdominal hernia. They may develop as a defect at birth, resulting from incomplete closure of part of the abdominal wall, or develop where an incision was made during an abdominal surgery, occurring when the incision doesn't heal properly.

Incisional hernias can develop soon after surgery or many years later. They affect as many as 30 percent of the patients who have abdominal surgery, such as an appendectomy.

Signs & Symptoms:

Ventral hernias cause a bulge or lump in the abdomen, which increases in size over time. In some cases, the lump may disappear when you lie down, and then reappear or enlarge when you put pressure on your abdomen, such as when you stand, or lift or push something heavy.

When tissue inside the hernia becomes stuck or trapped in abdominal muscle, it can cause pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation.

In rare cases, this may lead to a potentially life-threatening condition known as "strangulation," which requires emergency surgery. This occurs when the blood supply to the herniated bowel is cut off or greatly reduced, causing the bowel tissue to die or rupture. Other symptoms of a strangulated hernia include severe abdominal pain, profuse sweating, rapid heartbeat, severe nausea, vomiting and high fever.

Diagnosis:

In many cases, a hernia can be diagnosed through a physical examination of the abdomen.

Your doctor will examine the area where a ventral hernia may exist and may ask you to cough while examining your abdomen.

A CT scan may be performed as part of the diagnosis.

Treatment:

Ventral hernias are repaired by surgery. Without treatment, most hernias will increase in size. An untreated hernia may also result in intestinal blockage and "strangulation," which requires immediate medical attention. Strangulation occurs when the blood supply to the herniated bowel is cut off or greatly reduced, causing the bowel tissue to die or rupture.Surgical repair of ventral hernias is a complicated, major procedure. Extremely large ventral hernias require a procedure called progressive pneumoperitoneum.

Laparoscopic Repair

In this approach, surgeons use a laparoscope, a tiny telescope with a television camera attached, to view the hernia from the inside. The laparoscope is placed inside a cannula, or small, hollow tube, which is inserted into the abdomen through a small incision. In most cases, three or four incisions of about 1/4 to 1/2 inch in size are made to insert the cannula, instruments used to remove any scar tissue and a special mesh. The mesh is placed behind the abdominal muscles instead of between the muscles. It is held in place by surgical tacks or sutures. This procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia. Bladder catheterization is required.

Compared to traditional hernia surgery, laparoscopic repair includes less post-surgery pain, less wound numbness and an earlier return to work and normal activities.

Comments

Post a Comment

Medical Health Sciences

Popular posts from this blog

STUDY OF UGIT (P-14)

-
Image
  14- Obesity An estimated 60 percent of Americans aged 20 years and older are considered overweight and one-quarter are considered obese. Being overweight means that you have an excess amount of body weight, including muscle, bone, fat and water. Being obese means that you have an excess amount of body fat. Obesity significantly increases your risk of developing life-threatening conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer. Each year, approximately 280,000 adults die from an obesity-related condition in the United States. Additionally, studies have shown that people who are overweight often suffer from societal discrimination, which may lead to depression, self-esteem and body issue problems. Causes of Obesity Obesity is a complex and chronic disease with many causes. It is not simply a result of overeating. Research has shown that genetics can play a significant role in determining a person's body weight, particula
Read more

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF UGIT (P-16)

-
Image
  16- Ulcerative Colitis Ulcerative colitis, also called colitis or proctitis, is an inflammatory bowel disease of the large intestines. Although inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon, it may affect the entire colon. Unlike Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon. It is estimated that as many as one million Americans are affected with colitis or Crohn's disease. Most cases of colitis are diagnosed before the age of 30, although it can affect anyone, including children and older people between the ages of 50 and 70. There is a greater incidence of the disease among Caucasians and Jews than in other populations. The condition can be inherited and is common in some families. About 20 percent to 25 percent of those with ulcerative colitis have a close relative with the condition or Crohn's disease. The immune system's response to certain environmental antigens and the patient's own genetic makeup, are believed t
Read more

STUDY OF UGIT (P-17)

-
Image
  17- Ulcers Contrary to popular belief, ulcers are not due to stress and diet. A bacterial infection brought on by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the cause of the majority of all stomach ulcers. Prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or pain relievers such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen sodium, which affect the stomach's ability to protect itself from acidic stomach juices, also may lead to ulcers. Signs & Symptoms: If you have a peptic ulcer, you may only experience very mild symptoms or none at all. However, abdominal discomfort is the most common symptom associated with ulcers. Other symptoms include: - Weight loss - Poor appetite - Bloating - Burping - Nausea - Vomiting Diagnosis: Your doctor may first perform an upper gastrointestinal (GI) series and endoscopy to check for ulcers. An upper GI series involves X-rays of the esophagus, stomach and the beginning of the small intestine, called the duodenum.
Read more